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                <title xml:lang="en">Use of performic acid to reduce microbiological and chemical pollution from urban wastewater</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Utilisation de l'acide performique pour réduire la pollution microbiologique et chimique des eaux résiduaires urbaines</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Christelle</forename>
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                    <forename type="first">Emilie</forename>
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                  <idno type="halauthorid">620708-0</idno>
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                    <forename type="first">Stephan</forename>
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                    <forename type="first">Julien</forename>
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                <title level="j">TSM. Techniques Sciences Méthodes – Génie urbain, génie rural</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Association générale des hygiénistes et techniciens municipaux [1986-2003] - Association scientifique et technique pour l'eau et l'environnement (ASTEE) [2004-....]</publisher>
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                  <biblScope unit="pp">195-210</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2024-12-22</date>
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              <idno type="doi">10.36904/tsm/202412195</idno>
              <ref type="publisher">https://astee-tsm.fr/articles/tsm-12-2024-utilisation-de-lacide-performique-pour-reduire-la-pollution-microbiologique-et-chimique-des-eaux-residuaires-urbaines/</ref>
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              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="fr">Wastewater treatment plant, Advanced treatment, Ozone, Pathogenic microorganisms, Pharmaceutical molecules, Station d'épuration, Traitement avancé, Ozone, Micro-organismes pathogènes, Molécules pharmaceutiques</term>
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            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Performic acid (PFA) is used to disinfect urban wastewater (WW) due to its proven effectiveness against various pathogenic microorganisms. However, its advantages over ozone, one of the main disinfectants in WW treatment, as well as its reactivity with pharmaceutical molecules, remain poorly documented. This study, conducted on a pilot plant continuously fed with nitrified water, compares the efficiency of PFA, either alone or in combination to generate advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), to that of ozone in eliminating three pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli (E. coli), intestinal enterococci (IE), and spores of sulfite-reducing bacteria, SSRB) and seven pharmaceutical molecules commonly detected in the Parisian WW. The results show that PFA effectively removes E. coli and IE (with increasing removal between 0.8 and 2 mg PFA/L) and is more efficient than ozone at all tested specific doses (0.14 to 1.00 gO 3 /gDOC). The SSRBs were better removed with UV-C/PFA and ozone/PFA AOPs, due to reactive species generated by the decomposition of PFA through ozone and/or UV-C photolysis. In addition, the removal of pharmaceutical molecules by PFA showed low average removals (from 6 to 45% for 2 to 10 mg PFA/L). Moreover, UV-C/PFA improved the average removal rates, particularly at low doses (22% at 2 mg PFA/L), although this improvement was not due to a synergistic effect. In contrast, compared to PFA, ozone at high specific doses led to higher removal rates (from 62 to 92% for 0.48 to 1.00 gO 3 /gDOC). Furthermore, at a low specific ozone dose (0.29 gO 3 /gDOC), ozone/PFA proved more effective than the individual use of PFA or ozone.</p>
            </abstract>
            <abstract xml:lang="fr">
              <p>L'acide performique (PFA) est utilisé pour désinfecter les eaux résiduaires urbaines (ERU) en raison de son efficacité prouvée contre divers micro-organismes pathogènes. Cependant, ses avantages par rapport à l'ozone, l'un des désinfectants principaux dans le traitement des ERU, ainsi que sa réactivité avec les molécules pharmaceutiques, restent peu documentés. Cette étude, menée sur un pilote alimenté en continu par de l'eau nitrifiée, compare l'efficacité du PFA, seul ou en couplage pour générer des procédés d'oxydation avancée (POA), à celle de l'ozone pour éliminer trois micro-organismes pathogènes (Escherichia coli, entérocoques intestinaux (EI) et spores de bactéries sulfito-réductrices (SBSR)) et sept molécules pharmaceutiques couramment détectées dans les ERU de la région parisienne. Les résultats montrent que le PFA élimine efficacement E. coli et les EI (élimination croissante entre 0,8 et 2 mgPFA/L) et qu'il est plus efficace que l'ozone à toutes les doses spécifiques testées (0,14 à 1,00 gO 3 /g de carbone organique dissous (COD)). Les SBSR ont été mieux éliminées avec les POA UV-C/PFA et ozone/PFA, grâce aux espèces réactives issues de la décomposition du PFA par l'ozone et/ou la photolyse UV-C. En outre, l'élimination des molécules pharmaceutiques par le PFA a montré des abattements moyens faibles (de 6 à 45 % pour 2 à 10 mg PFA/L). Par ailleurs, l'UV-C/PFA améliore les abattements moyens, en particulier à faible dose (22 % à 2 mg PFA/L), bien que cette amélioration ne soit pas due à un effet synergique. En revanche, comparé au PFA, l'ozone à fortes doses spécifiques a conduit à des abattements plus élevés (de 62 à 92 % pour 0,48 à 1,00 gO 3 /gCOD). De plus, à une faible dose d'ozone spécifique (0,29 gO 3 /gCOD), ozone/PFA s'est avéré plus efficace que l'utilisation individuelle du PFA ou de l'ozone.</p>
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